Molecular identification and microscopic characterization of poxvirus in a Guiana dolphin and a common bottlenose dolphin, Brazil.

The poxviruses identified in cetaceans are associated with characteristic tattoo or ring skin lesions. However, little is known regarding the prevalence and progression of these lesions and the molecular characterization of cetacean poxviruses in the Southern Hemisphere. This manuscript describes the progression of poxvirus-like skin lesions in 5 free-ranging Guiana dolphins Sotalia guianensis. Additionally, 151 skin samples from 113 free-ranging cetaceans from Brazil, including 4 animals with tattoo skin lesions, were selected for poxvirus testing. Poxviral DNA polymerase gene PCR amplification was used to detect the virus in ß-actin-positive samples (145/151). DNA topoisomerase I gene PCR was then used in Cetaceanpoxvirus (CePV)-positive cases (n = 2), which were further evaluated by histopathology and electron microscopy. Based on photo-identification, adult Guiana dolphins presented regressing or healed poxvirus-like lesions (2/2), while juveniles presented persistent (2/3) or healed and progressive lesions (1/3). CePV DNA was amplified in a common bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus and in a Guiana dolphin. Intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies and viral particles consistent with poxvirus were identified by histology and electron microscopy, respectively. CePV-specific amino acid motifs were identified through phylogenetic analysis. Our findings corroborate previous studies that suggest the placement of poxviruses from cetaceans within the novel CePV genus. This is the first molecular identification of poxvirus in South American odontocetes.

Fatal haemorrhage and neoplastic thrombosis in a captive African lion (Panthera leo) with metastatic testicular sex cord-stromal tumour.

BACKGROUND: The study of neoplasia in wildlife species contributes to the understanding of cancer biology, management practices, and comparative pathology. Higher frequencies of neoplasms among captive non-domestic felids have been reported most commonly in aging individuals. However, testicular tumours have rarely been reported. This report describes a metastatic testicular sex cord-stromal tumour leading to fatal haemorrhage and thrombosis in a captive African lion (Panthera leo). CASE PRESENTATION: During necropsy of a 16-year-old male African lion, the left testicle and spermatic cord were found to be intra-abdominal (cryptorchid), semi-hard and grossly enlarged with multiple pale-yellow masses. Encapsulated haemorrhage was present in the retroperitoneum around the kidneys. Neoplastic thrombosis was found at the renal veins opening into the caudal vena cava. Metastases were observed in the lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes. Histology revealed a poorly differentiated pleomorphic neoplasm comprised of round to polygonal cells and scattered spindle cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm. An immunohistochemistry panel of inhibin-α, Ki-67, human placental alkaline phosphatase, cytokeratin AE1/AE3, cKit, vimentin and S100 was conducted. Positive cytoplasmic immunolabeling was obtained for vimentin and S100. CONCLUSIONS: The gross, microscopic and immunohistochemical findings of the neoplasm were compatible with a poorly differentiated pleomorphic sex cord-stromal tumour. Cause of death was hypovolemic shock from extensive retroperitoneal haemorrhage and neoplastic thrombosis may have contributed to the fatal outcome. To our knowledge, this is the first report of sex cord-stromal tumour in non-domestic felids.

Fatal haemorrhage and neoplastic thrombosis in a captive African lion (Panthera leo) with metastatic testicular sex cord­stromal tumour

Background: The study of neoplasia in wildlife species contributes to the understanding of cancer biology, management practices, and comparative pathology. Higher frequencies of neoplasms among captive non-domestic felids have been reported most commonly in aging individuals. However, testicular tumours have rarely been reported. This report describes a metastatic testicular sex cord­stromal tumour leading to fatal haemorrhage and thrombosis in a captive African lion (Panthera leo). Case presentation: During necropsy of a 16-year-old male African lion, the left testicle and spermatic cord were found to be intra-abdominal (cryptorchid), semi-hard and grossly enlarged with multiple pale-yellow masses. Encapsulated haemorrhage was present in the retroperitoneum around the kidneys. Neoplastic thrombosis was found at the renal veins opening into the caudal vena cava. Metastases were observed in the lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes. Histology revealed a poorly differentiated pleomorphic neoplasm comprised of round to polygonal cells and scattered spindle cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm. An immunohistochemistry panel of inhibin-α, Ki-67, human placental alkaline phosphatase, cytokeratin AE1/AE3, cKit, vimentin and S100 was conducted. Positive cytoplasmic immunolabeling was obtained for vimentin and S100. Conclusions: The gross, microscopic and immunohistochemical findings of the neoplasm were compatible with a poorly differentiated pleomorphic sex cord­stromal tumour. Cause of death was hypovolemic shock from extensive retroperitoneal haemorrhage and neoplastic thrombosis may have contributed to the fatal outcome. To our knowledge, this is the first report of sex cord­stromal tumour in non-domestic felids.

Antecedentes: O estudo da neoplasia em espécies silvestres contribui para a compreensão da biologia do câncer, manejo práticas e patologia comparada. Maiores frequências de neoplasias em felinos não domésticos em cativeiro foram relatados mais comumente em indivíduos idosos. No entanto, tumores testiculares raramente foram relatados. este O relatório descreve um tumor estromal do cordão sexual testicular metastático, levando a hemorragia fatal e trombose em um leão africano em cativeiro (Panthera leo). Apresentação do caso: Durante a necropsia de um leão africano de 16 anos, o testículo esquerdo e o cordão espermático foram encontrado intra-abdominal (criptorquídeo), semi-rígido e grosseiramente aumentado com várias massas amarelo-pálidas. Encapsulado hemorragia estava presente no retroperitônio ao redor dos rins. Trombose neoplásica foi encontrada em as veias renais se abrem para a veia cava caudal. Metástases foram observadas nos pulmões e na linfa mediastinal nós. A histologia revelou uma neoplasia pleomórfica pouco diferenciada composta por células redondas a poligonais e células fusiformes dispersas com citoplasma eosinofílico. Um painel de imuno-histoquímica de inibina-α, Ki-67, humano foram realizadas fosfatase alcalina placentária, citoqueratina AE1 / AE3, cKit, vimentina e S100. Citoplasmático positivo a marcação imunológica foi obtida para vimentina e S100. Conclusões: Os achados macroscópicos, microscópicos e imuno-histoquímicos da neoplasia foram compatíveis com tumor estromal do cordão sexual pleomórfico pouco diferenciado. A causa da morte foi choque hipovolêmico de extensa hemorragia retroperitoneal e trombose neoplásica podem ter contribuído para o desfecho fatal. Para nosso conhecimento, este é o primeiro relato de tumor do cordão sexual estroma em felinos não domésticos.